The Physics of Golf · by Brendon Elliott, PGA Coach

Every green is solvable.

Green reading feels like art. It's arithmetic. Three numbers — slope, speed, distance — fix the line before you ever pull the trigger. Watch the "art" turn into a solved equation.

Start with pace
01 The Aim Solver

Give me three numbers. I'll give you the exact line.

Set the slope, the green speed, and the distance. The engine solves for the one aim that holes it — the amber line — and tells you how far outside the hole to start it. Then try aiming straight at the cup and watch what the green does to you.

Aim outside the hole
That's this many cups
The high side is free. A putt missed on the high ("pro") side still had the hole in play the whole way down. A low-side miss never had a chance — it was below the hole from the start.
Solved with the same integrator as the Putt Lab (Penner slope + friction). Amber = the holing line; grey = aimed straight at the cup.
02 Read it with your body

Your feet already measured the slope. Your hand can aim it.

Stand between ball and hole and your feet feel the tilt as a percent. Hold your fingers at arm's length and each finger covers almost exactly one percent of slope. This is "AimPoint Express," and it's just the same geometry your feet already solved.

Fingers to hold up
3
Aim at
outer edge
Feel 3% → hold up 3 fingers at arm's length → aim at the outside edge of the third finger.
Why it works: a finger held at arm's length subtends a nearly constant angle — so it scales the aim with distance automatically. Far putt, same fingers, more inches. The body is a protractor.
Finger-per-percent is a field heuristic (AimPoint), calibrated to average arm length — not a derived constant.
The takeaway

Three numbers beat twenty years of "feel."

01

Slope is the whole read

Gravity does the curving. Everything else is a modifier on it.

02

Speed sets how much it breaks

You can't read a line without committing to a pace.

03

Distance scales the aim

Same slope, longer putt, more inches of break.

04

Always miss on the high side

The pro side keeps the hole in play; the low side never had it.

Now go feel it

Reading starts with knowing your speed.

You can't solve a break without a pace, and you can't own a pace without reps. Your PrimePutt rolls at a true Stimp 10 — the reference speed every read on this page is solved against.

Get the mat PGA pros use →
The PGA translation

What this actually means for your putting.

Coach Brendon Elliott
Coach Brendon's Translation
Plain-English PGA read · Brendon Elliott, PGA
The lesson
You haven't finished reading a putt until you've picked the speed you'll roll it. Line and speed are one read, not two.
The mistake most golfers make
Reading only the curve, then hitting it however hard. The same green wants two different lines at two different speeds.
One feel to use
Pick your pace first — a ball that dies about a foot past the cup — then aim to the high side of the line that pace needs.
One drill on your PrimePutt mat
On a slight tilt, roll five putts at the exact same pace and watch where they finish. Match your aim to that pace, not the other way around.
Draft translation seeded from Coach Brendon's notes — for his review and final wording.
The Physics of Golf — a 6-part series

Keep going — you just read Chapter 2.

Honest caveats. The aim solver uses Penner's putting model (directions exact, magnitudes a model of one green). AimPoint finger-per-percent is a calibrated field heuristic, not a law. "Pro side" is strategy, not physics.
Coach Brendon Elliott
Questions about this? Ask the Coach.
PrimePutt PGA Coach Brendon Elliott answers real questions from the community.
Ask Coach Brendon →
PUTTERY — today’s putting round. Can you Break 30?▶ Play now